Hubungan Tingkat Stres pada Ibu Hamil dengan Disabilitas Intelektual pada Siswa Autis Di Kota Banda Aceh

Abstract

: Stress can be associated with an increased risk of preterm birth and a lower birth weight of the baby as well as a decrease in the intelligence and mental health of the child later in life. Research on stress during pregnancy and its relationship with intellectual disability in children is still rarely done. This study aims to examine the relationship between stress levels in pregnant women and intellectual disabilities in autistic students in Banda Aceh City. The design of this study was case control. The case population is 31 students with autism (cases) and 31 normal students (controls). The research sample is 62 people. Data collection was carried out in August 2019. Data analysis was carried out by logistic regression test. The results showed that the factors associated with intellectual disability were severe stress (OR = 4.6; 95% CI : 1.09 - 19.90, p = 0.037), work (OR = 3; 95% CI : 1.05-8.93, p = 0.040) and male gender (OR = 3.2; 95% CI 0.10 - 0.84, p = 0.037). Variables that did not have a significant relationship were parity (p=0.29), age at pregnancy (p=0.11), maternal age at the time of the study (p=0.20), education (p= 0.38), services during pregnancy (p= 0.44), income (p=0.44), exposure to cigarette smoke (p= 0.29) and use of headache medication (OR= p= 0.32). Multivariate analysis can be concluded that severe stress is the variable most related to the occurrence of intellectual disability in autistic students. To the Health Office through the Puskesmas to include stress management in antenatal care services by providing counseling to couples who are at risk of having children with intellectual disabilities.